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Best Performing Banking Stocks in Nigeria in 2025: Winners, Laggards, and What Drove Investor Returns

  • dollaers
  • January 2, 2026
  • Bank, Stocks
  • 0 comments

Nigeria’s banking equities delivered a mixed but largely positive performance in 2025, reflecting a year of selective investor confidence rather than broad-based sector optimism. According to year-end market data from the Nigerian Exchange, the NGX Banking Index closed 2025 with a gain of 39.77%, trailing the broader Nigerian Exchange (NGX) All-Share Index (ASI), which posted a stronger 51.19% return.

While the banking sector underperformed the overall market, the results still marked a significant recovery from prior years of subdued sentiment. Investors increasingly differentiated between banks based on balance sheet strength, earnings sustainability, capital adequacy, and strategic execution. Out of the 12 listed banking stocks on the Exchange, only a handful managed to outperform the broader market benchmark, underscoring the highly selective nature of capital flows into the sector.

At the top of the leaderboard was Wema Bank Plc, which emerged as the standout performer with a remarkable gain of 124.18% in 2025. The bank’s share price climbed from N9.10 at the start of the year to N20.40 by year-end, driven by growing investor confidence in its digital banking strategy, expanding retail footprint, and improving profitability metrics. July proved decisive for Wema Bank, with a single-month surge of over 47%, reflecting peak investor enthusiasm.

Other strong performers included Stanbic IBTC Holdings Plc, which returned 73.61% as its share price rose from N57.60 to N100.00. Investors were drawn to Stanbic IBTC’s diversified earnings base spanning commercial banking, asset management, and pensions, as well as its consistent dividend track record. Mid-year rallies reflected renewed appetite for fundamentally strong and well-governed financial institutions.

First HoldCo Plc also delivered an impressive 70.77% return, climbing from N28.05 to N47.90. The rally was largely concentrated in December, when the stock surged over 54%, driven by renewed confidence in its restructuring efforts, capital position, and medium-term earnings outlook.

Among tier-one banks, Guaranty Trust Holding Company Plc (GTCO) gained 59.12%, closing the year at N90.70. Investors continued to favour GTCO for its strong capital buffers, predictable cash flows, and disciplined cost management. Similarly, Zenith Bank Plc posted a solid 35.82% gain, rising from N45.50 to N61.80, reinforcing its reputation for earnings consistency, robust liquidity, and dependable dividend payouts.

Mid-tier banks also featured prominently among the year’s winners. Ecobank Transnational Incorporated advanced by 49.64%, supported by diversified pan-African revenues and ongoing improvements in operational efficiency. Jaiz Bank Plc gained 51.67%, reflecting growing acceptance of its non-interest banking model, alongside speculative momentum in the second half of the year. FCMB Group Plc and Sterling Financial Holding Company Plc also delivered respectable gains of 28.19% and 25.89%, respectively, driven by retail-led growth strategies and improving asset quality.

Notably absent from the list of top performers were Fidelity Bank Plc, which posted a modest gain of 8.57%, and Access Holdings Plc, which ended the year with an 11.95% decline. Investor caution around integration risks, capital requirements, and earnings pressures weighed on both stocks.

Why this matters is that 2025 marked a clear shift in investor behaviour toward selective exposure rather than blanket sector positioning. Banking stocks that outperformed were those perceived as better equipped to navigate foreign exchange volatility, rising funding costs, and regulatory headwinds. The divergence between the NGX Banking Index and the broader ASI highlights cautious optimism—confidence is returning, but investors remain highly discriminating.

Looking ahead, banking equities are expected to remain among the most actively traded stocks on the NGX due to their dividend appeal and systemic importance. Performance in 2026 will likely depend on interest rate dynamics, FX stability, regulatory reforms, and each bank’s ability to sustain earnings momentum in an evolving macroeconomic environment.

Bank Transfers: Senders to Pay N50 Stamp Duty from January 1, 2026

  • dollaers
  • December 31, 2025
  • Bank
  • 0 comments

The Federal Government of Nigeria has announced a significant change to the way stamp duties are collected on electronic bank transfers, with the cost of the N50 levy now shifting to senders of funds from January 1, 2026. The adjustment, which applies to electronic transfers of N10,000 and above, marks a clear departure from the long-standing practice where the charge was deducted from the recipient’s account.

The new policy was communicated to customers through notices issued by Nigerian banks ahead of the effective date. Under the revised framework, the N50 stamp duty—commonly referred to as the Electronic Money Transfer Levy (EMTL)—will be clearly displayed and paid by the initiator of an eligible transaction, rather than the beneficiary. Transfers below N10,000 remain exempt from the charge.

According to the notices, banks explained that the policy change is part of broader government efforts to improve transparency, fairness, and clarity in digital financial transactions. One bank stated that “effective January 1, 2026, the Nigerian government has introduced new rules to stamp duty collection to help enhance transparency and clarity in digital transactions,” stressing that the N50 charge is separate from normal bank transfer fees and will be disclosed at the point of transaction.

The revised structure also comes with important exemptions designed to limit unintended burdens on households and businesses. Salary payments will not attract the N50 stamp duty, nor will intra-bank transfers—transactions conducted between accounts within the same bank. These exemptions are expected to provide relief for employers running payrolls and individuals who frequently move funds between their own accounts.

Beyond bank transfers, the updated stamp duty regime introduces additional reforms aimed at aligning Nigeria’s legal and financial frameworks with the realities of a digital economy. Notably, electronic contracts and digital loan agreements are now formally recognised under Nigerian law for stamp duty purposes. This change provides greater legal clarity and protection for individuals and businesses engaging in digital transactions, particularly in the fast-growing fintech and online lending space.

Another key highlight of the reform is the introduction of a flat N1,000 stamp duty on general agreements. This replaces the previous percentage-based system, which often made it difficult for parties to determine the final cost of documentation. By adopting a flat rate, the government aims to simplify compliance, reduce disputes, and allow individuals and businesses to understand their obligations upfront without complex calculations.

Before this policy shift, electronic transfers of N10,000 and above attracted the same N50 EMTL, but the amount was typically deducted from the receiver’s account. This practice had been widely criticised by customers, who argued that beneficiaries should not bear charges for transactions they did not initiate. Complaints were especially common in commercial settings, where businesses receiving multiple payments daily saw repeated deductions from their accounts.

By transferring the obligation to the sender, the new framework aligns Nigeria’s practice more closely with international norms, where transaction-related charges are usually borne by the initiator. Analysts say this could reduce friction between senders and recipients, as customers will now see the full cost of a transfer before authorising it, improving cost visibility and trust in digital payments.

Electronic transfers play a central role in Nigeria’s digital economy, underpinning salary payments, retail transactions, peer-to-peer transfers, and fintech-driven services. The clarification of who pays stamp duty is expected to improve customer experience and reduce disputes, particularly for individuals and businesses that rely heavily on electronic channels for daily operations.

From a fiscal perspective, the EMTL has become an increasingly important source of non-oil revenue for the government. Previous data show that rising volumes of electronic transactions have significantly boosted collections from the levy. In the first half of 2025, EMTL revenues reportedly exceeded projections by a wide margin, helping to cushion the impact of weaker oil receipts and strengthening overall government revenues.

As the January 2026 implementation date approaches, customers are being advised to take note of the changes and factor the N50 stamp duty into eligible transfers. While modest in value, the shift represents a meaningful policy recalibration that seeks to balance revenue generation with transparency, fairness, and the continued growth of Nigeria’s cashless economy.

GTCO Secures CBN, SEC Approval to Raise N10bn via Private Placement

  • dollaers
  • December 31, 2025
  • Bank
  • 0 comments

Guaranty Trust Holding Company Plc (GTCO) has obtained regulatory clearance from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to raise N10 billion through a private placement of its ordinary shares, marking another strategic step in strengthening its holding company capital structure.

The approvals, which remain subject to the fulfilment of standard conditions precedent and applicable regulatory requirements, were disclosed in a statement signed by GTCO’s Group General Counsel and Company Secretary, Erhi Obebeduo. According to the Company, the transaction aligns with existing regulatory guidelines governing financial holding companies in Nigeria and is not a response to any capital deficiency at its flagship banking subsidiary.

GTCO emphasised that the proposed capital raise is not driven by any shortfall at Guaranty Trust Bank Limited, which already exceeds the CBN’s minimum capital requirement for commercial banks with international authorisation. The Group recalled that it announced on August 29, 2025, that GTBank had increased its capital base to N504.04 billion, placing it comfortably above the regulatory threshold.

Instead, the Company explained that the N10 billion private placement is being undertaken pursuant to Section 7.1 of the Guidelines for the Licensing and Regulation of Financial Holding Companies (FHCs) in Nigeria, which outlines how capital for holding companies should be computed. In this context, the capital raise is designed to optimise the Group’s structure at the holding company level and ensure continued compliance with evolving regulatory expectations.

The transaction is also anchored on an existing shareholders’ mandate. At its Annual General Meeting held on May 9, 2024, shareholders authorised the Board of Directors to establish a capital-raising programme of up to $750 million, or its naira equivalent, through a mix of instruments and methods. This mandate empowers the Board to issue ordinary shares, preference shares, convertible or non-convertible bonds, or other financial instruments, whether through public offers, private placements, rights issues, book-building processes, or a combination of approaches, in tranches and on terms deemed appropriate.

Pursuant to this authority, the Board has approved a private placement involving the allotment of 125 million ordinary shares of 50 kobo each. The shares are being offered on a best-efforts basis at N80 per share, with gross proceeds of up to N10 billion expected upon successful completion. GTCO noted that the placement is not underwritten, adding that the professional parties involved have committed to using their reasonable endeavours to secure suitable placees for the shares.

The offering is scheduled to close on December 31, 2025, subject to the receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of other customary conditions. By opting for a private placement, GTCO is positioning itself to raise targeted capital efficiently while limiting market disruption and execution risk.

Beyond the transaction itself, the capital raise comes against the backdrop of a robust financial performance by the Group. In October, GTCO released its unaudited consolidated and separate financial statements for the period ended September 30, 2025, to both the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) and the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The Group reported profit before tax of N900.8 billion, supported by strong growth in core earnings. Interest income rose by 25.6 per cent year-on-year, while fee income expanded by 16.8 per cent, underscoring the resilience of its core banking and non-banking operations.

Although profit before tax reflected a year-on-year decline due to the non-recurrence of significant fair value gains recorded in the prior year, GTCO maintained a solid balance sheet. Total assets closed at N16.7 trillion, while shareholders’ funds stood at N3.3 trillion. Capital adequacy remained exceptionally strong at 36.5 per cent, well above regulatory requirements.

Asset quality indicators also improved, with IFRS 9 Stage 3 loans declining to 3.3 per cent at the Bank level and 4.4 per cent at the Group level by September 2025. Cost of risk moderated significantly to 2.2 per cent from 4.9 per cent at the end of 2024. Meanwhile, the Group’s loan book grew by 16.5 per cent to N3.24 trillion, while deposit liabilities expanded by 16 per cent to N12.06 trillion.

Taken together, the regulatory approvals for the N10 billion private placement and the Group’s strong operating fundamentals reinforce GTCO’s strategic positioning as one of Nigeria’s most resilient and well-capitalised financial services groups, with the flexibility to support growth across its banking and non-banking subsidiaries.

No Nigerian bank faces closure over CBN recapitalisation – industry group reassures

  • dollaers
  • December 22, 2025
  • Bank
  • 0 comments

The Association of Corporate Communication and Marketing Professionals in Banks (ACAMB) has moved to calm public concerns, assuring Nigerians that no bank operating in the country is at risk of shutting down as a result of the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.

The reassurance was contained in a joint statement issued on Sunday by ACAMB President, Rasheed Bolarinwa, and the association’s General Secretary, Jide Sipe. The statement was released in response to a viral Instagram video claiming that 12 Nigerian banks would be closed by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) by March 2026 for allegedly failing to meet new minimum capital requirements.

ACAMB described the claims as false, misleading, and alarmist, warning that such narratives risk undermining confidence in the financial system and spreading unnecessary panic among depositors and investors.

Recapitalisation is proactive, not a crisis response

According to the association, the recapitalisation programme introduced by the CBN is a forward-looking regulatory policy aimed at strengthening the banking sector and positioning it to support Nigeria’s long-term economic ambitions, including the Federal Government’s target of building a $1 trillion economy by 2030.

“The content creator demonstrated a fundamental lack of understanding of banking recapitalisation, making several erroneous and misleading assertions that are easily disprovable by anyone with basic knowledge of the Nigerian banking sector,” ACAMB said.

The group stressed that the recapitalisation exercise is not a reaction to distress within the industry, nor does it signal that banks are currently unsafe. Rather, it is designed to ensure that banks scale up their capital base in line with the growing size and complexity of the Nigerian economy.

ACAMB added that Nigerian banks remain safe, sound, and adequately capitalised, with strong capital adequacy buffers that allow them to meet customer obligations and regulatory standards.

Focus on core ownership capital

Clarifying a common source of confusion, the association explained that the recapitalisation framework focuses specifically on core ownership capital—namely share capital and share premium—rather than total shareholders’ funds or other instruments such as bonds and preference shares.

This distinction, ACAMB noted, is critical, as it means banks are required to strengthen their permanent capital base, thereby improving resilience, governance, and their capacity to absorb shocks.

Banks making steady progress

ACAMB disclosed that all licensed banks submitted detailed recapitalisation plans to the CBN in 2024. These plans were thoroughly reviewed and approved by the regulator before implementation began.

“All banks have a fair and realistic chance of meeting their recapitalisation targets, with more than one-third already having met theirs and most others at advanced stages of implementation,” the association said. It added that the CBN has publicly expressed satisfaction with the pace and quality of compliance across the industry.

Addressing claims targeted at specific institutions, ACAMB stated that several banks mentioned in the viral video are either well above the required thresholds or are backed by strong parent institutions. International banks such as FirstBank, UBA, Fidelity Bank, and FCMB were described as having exceeded the relevant capital benchmarks, while foreign subsidiaries like Citibank Nigeria and Standard Chartered Bank Nigeria remain solidly supported by their global parents.

The association also noted that other lenders, including Sterling Bank and Polaris Bank, have clear and credible recapitalisation pathways and continue to operate normally.

Regulatory confidence and oversight

ACAMB recalled comments by Olayemi Cardoso, Governor of the CBN, who stated in November that the recapitalisation exercise is progressing in an orderly manner and in line with regulatory expectations. Nigeria’s 44 deposit-taking banks, across different licence categories, remain under strict regulatory oversight, ensuring system-wide stability.

Warning against misinformation

The association strongly condemned the spread of unverified and sensational claims about bank closures, describing them as baseless and potentially harmful to economic stability. It warned that such misinformation could be reported to law enforcement agencies where it amounts to false representation, economic sabotage, or breaches of the Cybercrime Act.

While reaffirming support for freedom of expression, ACAMB emphasised that public commentary on sensitive sectors like banking must be accurate, responsible, and fair.

Why it matters

The CBN recently disclosed that 16 banks have already met the new recapitalisation thresholds, an improvement from 14 banks reported in September. The progress, announced after a Monetary Policy Committee meeting in Abuja, signals growing compliance ahead of the March 2026 deadline.

For customers and investors, ACAMB’s message is clear: the recapitalisation programme is intended to strengthen Nigerian banks, not shut them down. Nigerians, the group said, should continue their banking activities with confidence, assured that the sector remains stable and resilient.

CBN Mandates Multi-Factor Authentication for Foreign Card Spending Above $200 Daily

  • dollaers
  • December 20, 2025
  • Bank
  • 0 comments

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has introduced new security requirements for foreign card transactions in Nigeria, directing banks and other financial institutions to implement multi-factor authentication for daily foreign card spending above $200. The move is aimed at strengthening transaction security while improving the reliability and user experience of foreign-issued payment cards across the country.

The directive was communicated through a circular dated December 18, 2025, issued by the apex bank’s Financial Policy and Regulation Department and signed by its Director, Rita I. Sike. The circular, addressed to all deposit money banks and non-bank financial institutions, is titled “Facilitation of Seamless Use of Foreign Cards.”

According to the CBN, the new requirement applies to all foreign card withdrawals and online transactions that exceed $200 per day, $500 per week, and $1,000 per month, or their naira equivalents. The measure is designed to strike a balance between enhanced security and improved convenience for tourists, business travellers, and Nigerians returning from the diaspora who rely on foreign-issued cards for payments.

Strengthening security while improving access

In the circular, the CBN stated that all affected transactions must be protected with multi-factor authentication, which may include a combination of PINs, one-time passwords, biometrics, or device-based verification. The regulator said the step is part of broader efforts to reduce fraud, enhance consumer confidence, and ensure the seamless acceptance of international cards across Nigeria’s payment ecosystem.

Beyond authentication, the CBN directed banks and non-bank acquirers to ensure uninterrupted access to local currency withdrawals, payments, and transfers for users of foreign cards nationwide. Financial institutions were instructed to maintain high system availability so that transactions are processed efficiently across automated teller machines (ATMs), point-of-sale (POS) terminals, and online or web-based payment platforms.

The apex bank also emphasised that all payment terminals must be properly configured to accept international cards routed through Nigerian acquirers. In addition, terminals are required to comply fully with global card association standards and hold the necessary certifications or recertifications to support smooth transaction processing.

Exchange rate transparency and settlement rules

The CBN placed strong emphasis on pricing transparency and settlement discipline. Banks and acquirers are required to clearly disclose applicable exchange rates to customers before completing foreign card transactions.

According to the circular, exchange rates must be market-driven and aligned with the prevailing official rate, with all fees and charges disclosed upfront. Transactions are to be completed only after customers explicitly accept the stated terms, and institutions must retain evidence of such acceptance.

In line with existing foreign exchange regulations, all merchant settlements arising from foreign card transactions are to be made strictly in naira. Financial institutions are also required to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet settlement obligations as and when due.

Fraud monitoring, AML, and consumer protection

To curb fraud and illicit financial activity, the CBN directed financial institutions to deploy robust transaction-monitoring systems capable of detecting unusual or suspicious usage patterns involving foreign cards across all payment channels.

Merchants that process foreign card payments are expected to comply with strengthened know-your-customer and anti-money laundering controls. Where transactions appear suspicious, merchants must request valid identification and ensure that card-present receipts are properly signed.

All suspicious transactions are to be promptly reported to the Nigeria Financial Intelligence Unit, in line with existing anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing regulations.

At the same time, the CBN instructed institutions to recalibrate their fraud-monitoring systems to reduce false declines on legitimate foreign card transactions. This, the bank said, would improve the overall experience for visitors and returning Nigerians. For low-value transactions, card acceptance devices are also required to support contactless payment options.

Chargebacks, disputes, and compliance

The circular further imposed stricter obligations on acquirers regarding dispute resolution and chargeback management. Institutions are required to maintain robust, auditable processes that align with card scheme rules and CBN guidelines, covering timely case intake, evidence collation, refunds, and post-incident reviews.

Transaction records—including approval slips, signed receipts, and item or service descriptions—must be retained for a minimum of 12 months and made available within 24 hours upon request. Acquirers are also mandated to conduct quarterly training for merchants and agent networks on dispute handling and chargeback procedures.

The CBN warned that unresolved consumer complaints related to foreign card transactions, particularly those escalated to the regulator, would attract appropriate sanctions. Tourists and Nigerians returning from abroad who encounter difficulties using foreign-issued cards were advised to report such incidents to the CBN’s Consumer Protection and Financial Inclusion Department.

The regulator said it would closely monitor compliance with the directive and impose penalties on any institution found to be in breach, underscoring its commitment to a secure, transparent, and globally compatible payment environment.

Access Holdings Shareholders Greenlight N40 Billion Equity Raise to Bolster Capital and Support Expansion

  • dollaers
  • December 18, 2025
  • Bank
  • 0 comments

Shareholders of Access Holdings Plc have approved plans for the company to raise up to N40 billion in fresh equity capital, giving the board broad powers to execute a private placement aimed at strengthening the group’s balance sheet and supporting its long-term growth ambitions.

The approval was secured at an Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) held virtually on Thursday, December 18, 2025, according to a corporate disclosure filed with Nigerian Exchange Limited. The filing, jointly signed by the company secretary and a director, confirmed that shareholders endorsed all resolutions presented at the meeting, clearing the way for another round of capital strengthening at one of Nigeria’s largest financial groups.

At the centre of the resolutions is the authorisation for Access Holdings to raise up to N40 billion, or its equivalent in foreign currency, through a private placement. Shareholders granted the board extensive discretion to determine the final structure, timing, size, and investor mix for the transaction, subject to obtaining the required regulatory approvals.

Under the approved framework, the board has been empowered to allot newly created ordinary shares at a reference price of N20.25 per share, or at such other price as it may deem appropriate, depending on market conditions and investor negotiations. The shares may be issued to one or more investors in tranches, a flexibility that allows the company to optimise pricing and align the capital raise with prevailing market sentiment and strategic priorities.

To accommodate the private placement, shareholders also approved an increase in the company’s issued share capital from N26.66 billion to N27.65 billion. This will be achieved through the creation of approximately 1.98 billion new ordinary shares of 50 kobo each. Once fully issued, Access Holdings’ total outstanding shares will rise from about 53.32 billion to roughly 55.29 billion ordinary shares.

The newly created shares will rank pari passu with existing shares, meaning they will carry the same rights to dividends and voting as those already in issue. While this structure implies potential dilution for existing shareholders, the final impact will depend on the actual size of the placement and how much of the authorised shares are ultimately allotted. The board was also authorised to cancel any unallotted shares or further increase the share capital if necessary to complete the exercise.

Beyond the capital raise itself, shareholders granted the board wide-ranging powers to negotiate with prospective investors, appoint professional advisers, finalise valuation and transaction terms, and execute all agreements required to consummate the deal. This includes securing approvals from key regulators such as the Central Bank of Nigeria, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the NGX, reflecting Access Holdings’ status as a regulated financial holding company with banking and non-banking subsidiaries.

The company secretary was also mandated to file the necessary post-transaction documentation with the Corporate Affairs Commission, including amendments to the company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association to reflect the enlarged share capital.

The latest capital-raising move comes against the backdrop of heightened capital pressures across Nigeria’s financial services industry. Banks and financial holding companies are facing a combination of currency volatility, evolving regulatory expectations, and rising funding requirements driven by expansion across banking, payments, asset management, and other financial services segments.

By opting for a private placement rather than a broad-based public offer, Access Holdings appears to be targeting strategic or institutional investors capable of providing not just capital, but also long-term stability and potentially strategic value. Such investors could help deepen the quality of the group’s shareholder base while limiting the execution risks often associated with larger public offers.

Shareholders at the EGM also ratified all steps already taken by the board in connection with the proposed transaction, effectively removing the final procedural obstacles to implementation. With the mandate now in hand, attention in the market is expected to shift to the identity of potential investors, the pace of execution, and how the additional capital will be deployed across the group’s operations.

The approval builds on Access Holdings’ aggressive capital-raising efforts earlier in the year. In 2025, the group completed a landmark rights issue that raised N351 billion, lifting its share capitalisation to N600 billion and making it the first Tier 1 banking group to surpass the regulator’s N500 billion capital benchmark. That transaction significantly strengthened the group’s balance sheet and supported its expansion following a series of domestic and international acquisitions.

The proposed N40 billion private placement will further expand the company’s equity base, adding close to two billion shares if fully allotted. While the growing share count raises concerns around dilution and future share restructuring, management views the additional capital as critical to sustaining growth, enhancing resilience, and positioning Access Holdings to compete effectively in an increasingly complex and capital-intensive financial services landscape.

CBN Issues One-Month Deadline for Mandatory Dual Connectivity on PoS Terminals

  • dollaers
  • December 12, 2025
  • Bank, Business
  • 0 comments

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has directed all banks, acquirers, processors, and payment service providers to implement dual connectivity infrastructure for all Point of Sale (PoS) terminals within one month. The new mandate, announced in a circular dated December 11, 2025, marks an intensified push to stabilise Nigeria’s electronic payment ecosystem and reduce the persistent network failures that have plagued PoS transactions nationwide.

The circular, signed by the Director of the Payments System Supervision Department, Rakiya Yusuf, upgrades an earlier policy introduced in September 2024. According to the apex bank, the decision was informed by prolonged system bottlenecks caused by heavy dependence on a single processing channel—a vulnerability that frequently triggers nationwide PoS outages and failed transactions.

Under the revised directive, all payment acquirers, processors, and Payment Terminal Service Providers (PTSPs) are now required to maintain simultaneous connectivity with both the Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS) and Unified Payment Services Limited (UPSL). The CBN stated that this dual connectivity standard is now compulsory across the industry and is designed to reduce reliance on any one aggregator, thereby improving transaction resilience and reducing downtime.

Automatic Failover Becomes Industry Standard

As part of its broader effort to strengthen payment continuity, the central bank ordered that all PoS routing systems must be configured to automatically switch from one aggregator to the other whenever service disruptions arise. This automatic failover mechanism—previously optional—is now a mandatory requirement for all payment players.

The CBN emphasised that this move is expected to significantly increase transaction completion rates, particularly during network interruptions that often cripple retail payments across major commercial hubs and small communities alike.

To ensure the effectiveness of this new architecture, the circular also imposes strict requirements for periodic redundancy and failover testing. NIBSS and UPSL must work closely with regulated institutions to validate technical readiness and assess the robustness of their systems. The apex bank stated that these tests will now be formally integrated into its supervisory framework for monitoring Nigeria’s payment infrastructure.

Tighter Incident Reporting Rules Introduced

Alongside infrastructure requirements, the CBN has strengthened reporting obligations for payment aggregators. Under the new rules, both NIBSS and UPSL must notify banks immediately when downtime occurs, ensuring that institutions respond swiftly to customer complaints.

In addition, they are required to submit a detailed incident report to the Payments System Supervision Department within 24 hours. This report must highlight the root cause of the disruption, the extent of impact on payment channels, and the corrective actions taken to restore stability. The CBN said these provisions are necessary to enhance transparency and accountability in the payments sector.

With a one-month implementation timeline, all banks, acquirers and PTSPs must fully integrate, test, and deploy the dual connectivity setup before mid-January 2026. The regulator warned that all institutions are expected to meet the deadline as part of the ongoing efforts to strengthen digital payment reliability.

Background: Geo-Tagging, ISO Standards, and Stricter PoS Regulations

The dual connectivity directive follows a series of regulatory reforms introduced by the CBN over the past year aimed at sanitising and fortifying the PoS and agent-banking ecosystem. On August 25, 2025, the central bank issued a landmark circular mandating that all existing PoS terminals be geo-tagged within 60 days, while newly deployed devices must be geo-tagged before activation. This measure was designed to curb fraud, track agent locations more accurately, and enforce compliance with operating-radius rules.

That earlier directive also required full migration to ISO 20022 payment messaging standards and mandated geolocation and geofencing capabilities for all PoS terminals, restricting their operation to within approximately 10 metres of their registered addresses. Devices that failed compliance checks conducted from October 20, 2025 faced deactivation.

Additionally, the CBN enforced tighter rules on agent banking—including a minimum penalty of N5 million for breaches, plus N300,000 for each additional day of non-compliance. The regulator later extended the enforcement deadline for location and exclusivity rules to April 1, 2026 to allow operators more time to comply.

Looking Ahead

The latest directive reflects the CBN’s broader mission to build a resilient, reliable, and technologically sound digital payments environment. With transaction volumes growing rapidly, the apex bank is pushing aggressive reforms to ensure that Nigeria’s payment rails are robust enough to support its expanding digital economy.

Reps Summon Bank CEOs Over Alleged Illegal Charges

  • dollaers
  • December 10, 2025
  • Bank
  • 0 comments

The House of Representatives has ordered chief executive officers of Nigeria’s commercial banks to personally appear before its investigative panel over allegations of unlawful and unexplained deductions from customers’ accounts.

The directive was issued on Tuesday in Abuja by the House Ad-hoc Committee probing the deduction of taxes from civil and public servants’ earnings as well as various bank charges imposed on customers.

Commercial banks in Nigeria apply several fees—including SMS alert charges, account maintenance fees, and transfer charges—many of which have come under scrutiny.

Background

A recent Business Expectations Survey Report by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) showed that high bank charges, multiple taxes, and poor infrastructure were the top constraints affecting businesses in September 2025.

Respondents highlighted High Bank Charges (70.8), High/Multiple Taxes (70.8), and Poor Infrastructure (70.7) as the major challenges faced by businesses nationwide.
Despite these concerns, the report noted a modest level of optimism among business operators.

Banks Accused of Unlawful Deductions

During the panel session, the committee chairman, Rep. Kelechi Nwogu, accused banks of carrying out systematic and illegal deductions, noting that some charges are neither transparent nor remitted to the appropriate authorities.

“Commercial banks are perpetrating illegality by deducting inexplicable charges from civil servants, public servants, and other customers without proper remittances,” Nwogu said.

He expressed concern over the routine deduction of SMS charges, maintenance fees, and transfer charges, questioning the legality and transparency surrounding these deductions.

Nwogu emphasized that the committee’s duty is to ensure that all charges imposed by banks are duly authorized, correctly calculated, and properly utilized.

“Our mandate is clear. All deductions must be done rightly, fined rightly, and used rightly,” he stated.

He added that the committee has also invited the Ministry of Finance and will collaborate with the Office of the Accountant-General of the Federation, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), and commercial banks to ensure a comprehensive investigation.

CEOs Must Appear in Person

The committee rejected any attempt by banks to send representatives in place of their CEOs, insisting that the chief executives must appear before the panel.

“You cannot appear here without an identity. We are here on the mandate of those who elected us,” Nwogu said.

He further announced that the committee has scheduled its next meeting for Wednesday next week and directed the banks to submit all required documents by Monday.

“We will review every document and place you on oath,” he added.

Four-Day Deadline for Document Submission

The committee gave all affected banks a four-day deadline to provide the documents needed for the inquiry. Any bank that fails to comply by Monday, Nwogu warned, will face sanctions.

According to him, the panel is committed to uncovering the reasons behind what it described as unjustified and suspicious deductions from customers’ accounts.

CBN: Why the Bank Reference Requirement for Current Accounts Should Be Retired

  • dollaers
  • December 7, 2025
  • Bank
  • 0 comments

In Nigeria’s banking culture, the current account referee form has long behaved like an heirloom—handed down from a bygone era of cheque books, personal trust, and paper-based banking. Anyone who operates a current account has likely been asked by their account officer to “stand as a referee” for someone they barely know, often as a favour and sometimes with no real connection to the individual seeking the account. It is a ritual that once served a purpose but now survives mostly because it has always existed.

Historically, the referee system was born from the prudential framework under the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act. In the days when financial records were kept in metal cabinets and customer risk assessments relied heavily on staff intuition, banks needed some assurance that the person opening a current account was credible, traceable, and unlikely to disappear after issuing a bad cheque. A referee acted as a human guarantee—someone the bank could contact if transactions went wrong. In a country where reliable physical addresses, verifiable identity records, and digital footprints were scarce, it was a sensible patch over a structural gap.

That context no longer exists. Nigeria has spent the past decade building one of Africa’s most advanced digital identity ecosystems. The Bank Verification Number (BVN) creates a unified identity for banking customers and builds behavioural history across institutions. The National Identification Number (NIN) embeds biometric and demographic data that is significantly more accurate than any handwritten endorsement. SIM registration connects verified identities to mobile numbers used in mobile banking, while the Corporate Affairs Commission now provides transparent digital records on directors and beneficial ownership of companies.

By the time a customer seeks to open a current account today, they almost always have a savings account or corporate profile with a structured transaction history. Their financial identity is not theoretical—it is visible. Digital banks and traditional institutions now rely on automated risk scoring, real-time fraud detection, geolocation intelligence, improved credit reporting, and address verification tools. These systems outperform paper references by offering meaningful insights rather than relying on social trust.

Open banking is transforming the equation even further. With consent, banks can view transaction patterns, account histories and cash flow behaviour across the ecosystem, enabling risk decisions based on data rather than personal endorsements. Against this backdrop, the referee form feels less like a safeguard and more like an outdated obstacle left behind by a paper-first regulatory mindset.

The requirement is not just obsolete; it has become a barrier. Nigerians in the diaspora—who maintain local investments, pensions, and property—struggle to satisfy a rule designed for a world where referees lived within driving distance. Foreign investors encounter a rule almost unheard of in comparable markets, signalling bureaucratic friction at a time Nigeria is actively seeking capital. Pension administrators serving non-resident contributors face the same bottleneck, and multinational firms opening accounts waste time chasing signatures despite having verifiable corporate identities through global systems and CAC’s digital database.

Meanwhile, digital-first banks operating without the referee model have proven the point: account onboarding can be secure without manual references. They use the tools the Central Bank itself mandated and continue to refine—BVN, NIN, stronger address mapping, open banking, improved credit reporting, and real-time monitoring. These tools reduce fraud far more effectively than a signature from an acquaintance with no liability.

Global practice reinforces this logic. Mature markets—whether in the UK, the United States, South Africa, Singapore, or the UAE—do not use referees for current account onboarding. Their controls rest on digital verification, compliance checks, transactional analytics, and automated risk engines. Nigeria now has these same capabilities, and its regulatory framework has evolved to support them.

The referee model mattered when the country lacked reliable identity systems. Today, it duplicates what technology already solves with greater precision. If a bank can confirm who a customer is, where they live, and how they transact, then collecting signatures from two acquaintances adds administrative noise rather than genuine protection.

As Nigeria pushes for deeper financial inclusion, easier diaspora participation, and a more attractive investment environment, phasing out the referee requirement is not only rational—it is overdue. The CBN created the digital infrastructure that makes the rule unnecessary. The next logical step is to retire a legacy practice and let modern verification systems perform the role referees once played.

FCMB Concludes Public Offer, Edges Closer to N500 Billion Recapitalisation Target Ahead of CBN Deadline

  • dollaers
  • December 7, 2025
  • Bank
  • 0 comments

FCMB Group Plc has announced the successful completion of its public offer, marking a critical step toward achieving the N500 billion capital benchmark mandated by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for commercial banks operating under a holding company structure. The development places the financial group in a strong position ahead of the March 2026 recapitalisation deadline, a regulatory milestone designed to strengthen the banking sector and support economic stability.

The announcement was disclosed through a notice to the Nigerian Exchange (NGX), reinforcing confidence among investors and stakeholders who have closely tracked the progress of Nigerian banks in their efforts to meet the new capital thresholds. The conclusion of the offer represents one of the most strategic milestones in FCMB’s multi-phase recapitalisation plan initiated in 2024.

Strategic Capital Raise Reaches Critical Phase

According to the Group, the public offer process has now been completed and will be followed by the planned sale of a minority stake in one of its subsidiaries—an additional capital mobilisation strategy expected to further consolidate FCMB’s balance sheet. The Group stated that the subsidiary stake sale is expected to be finalised before the end of December, subject to regulatory clearances.

In its statement, FCMB highlighted that it is working closely with regulators to complete the mandatory capital verification process now ongoing at the CBN. This verification will be followed by a shareholder vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) and the final round of regulatory approvals. The Group expressed confidence in concluding the required processes well ahead of the CBN’s deadline, saying:

“We have successfully concluded our public offer and are on track to complete the minority subsidiary sale by the end of December. Subject to CBN capital verification, shareholder approval at the EGM, and the required regulatory consents, we are positioned to deliver the N500bn capital target ahead of the March 2026 deadline for our banking subsidiary, FCMB Limited.”

Momentum Builds After N160 Billion Public Offer

FCMB’s latest capital-raising move began in October 2025, when the Group launched a N160 billion public offer involving the issuance of 16 billion ordinary shares at N10 per share. The subscription window closed on November 6, marking the end of one of the bank’s most extensive public fundraising exercises to date.

The transaction represents the second phase of FCMB’s strategy to reinforce its capital position. The first phase took place in 2024, when the Group raised N147.5 billion through an equity sale that was oversubscribed by 33%. According to FCMB, over 42,800 investors participated in that round, with 92% of subscriptions completed digitally, highlighting both strong investor confidence and the increasing penetration of digital investment platforms in the Nigerian capital market.

In its latest update, the Group noted that the public offer reflects its expanding operational performance, driven by strong margins, higher customer activity, and rapid digital growth. FCMB added that it expects to maintain “healthy profitability and a strong capital position going into 2026.”

Capital Raising Milestones Over 18 Months

The Group’s recapitalisation journey has been built on a series of well-sequenced financing activities, including:

  • N144.56 billion raised from the oversubscribed 2024 offer

  • Expansion of its capital issuance ceiling from N150 billion to N340 billion

  • Subsequent increase of the issuance ceiling to N370 billion disclosed in November 2025

  • A US$15 million mandatory convertible loan converted fully into equity

  • The just-concluded N160 billion 2025 public offer

These moves have collectively put FCMB in a strong position to meet regulatory expectations. At the moment, the Group is awaiting CBN capital verification and the completion of final compliance steps.

Capital Ceiling Increase Driven by Regulatory Requirement

In its latest clarification to shareholders, FCMB explained that the decision to raise its capital-raising authority from N340 billion to N400 billion is not a new fundraising initiative. Rather, it is a technical compliance adjustment to meet the latest regulatory framework issued by the CBN. The announcement was included in an addendum to its EGM notice published on November 21, 2025, amending the resolutions earlier issued on November 15.

With the recapitalisation process advancing rapidly, FCMB appears poised to meet the CBN’s capital adequacy timeline, positioning the bank for stronger growth, enhanced liquidity, and greater resilience in the face of evolving macroeconomic pressures. The completion of its public offer marks not only a regulatory milestone but also a demonstration of confidence in the Group’s long-term strategy and operational performance.

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